Abstract
At a time when reducing import dependence is taking centre stage, green hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels are a large piece of the puzzle, as they play a key role in decoupling hard-to-abate sectors from fossil fuel dependence. By 2050, hydrogen is expected to be implemented at scale in long-distance transport and heavy industries, accounting for 80% of the final energy consumption in shipping and aviation, and used to produce 44% of the iron needed for steelmaking.