Abstract
This chapter reflects on how switching to a sustainable production economy could be achieved. The process would involve the “creative destruction” of fossil fuels and other unsustainable industries, as alternatives are brought to the point of competitiveness. It is a process with many themes, including innovation, finance and knowledge of organizations, supply chains and markets. It is above all a political project, involving political economy, industrial policy and macroeconomic management; and it also involves social policy to ease the transition from sunset to sunrise industries. Although the task is unprecedented, there are lessons to be learned from previous episodes of politically driven economic structural change, making an understanding of economic history relevant as well. In short, the creative destruction of fossil fuels is an interdisciplinary project with many opportunities for interdisciplinary research and cooperation among social scientists, policymakers and practitioners.