Abstract
Sea freight is essential for businesses and societies across the globe. Around 90% of world trade is conducted through international shipping (International Chamber of Shipping, 2017), and vast quantities of goods thus travel across the seas. By way of illustration, there are more than 50,000 ships in the world’s merchant eets (Statista, 2018), and 3.8 billion tons of goods passed through EU ports in 2015 (Eurostat, 2017).