Abstract
This chapter will present an outlook on the modelling and simulation of circular manufacturing systems. Simulations in the linear context have long been an enabler in making the systems efficient through better design and improved decision-making. Circular aspects of manufacturing systems lead to another level of complexity to be tackled and understood in terms of the performance of the system from an economic, environmental and social perspective. This calls for enhanced understanding through analysis of the interdependencies between business models, product design, supply chains and consumption patterns interactions by modelling the effect of those interactions to provide a sound basis for decision-making. The role of modelling simulation for prediction and improved decision-making in complex situations will be presented and exemplified with case studies where simulation has been used as a tool to enhance decision-making. The chapter finishes by highlighting the potential of modelling and simulation in boosting the transition towards circular systems implementation.