Abstract
Governments worldwide use executive compensation to bond CEOs of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to political agendas at the expense of private owners. We extend principal–principal (PP) agency theory to delve into the CEO cooption behavior of governments. First, building on the institution-based view, we theorize that political institutions shape the ability of governments to trigger PP conficts by bonding SOE CEOs through executive compensation. Second, leveraging the comparative state capitalism literature, we conjecture that SOE CEOs who are bonded through executive compensation support strategies that are aligned with state goals. Evidence from matched samples of publicly listed frms across 20 countries supports our predictions. The efect of state ownership on CEO compensation varies substantially across countries and this variance is
partly explained by the heterogeneity in political institutions. More specifcally, we fnd that SOE CEOs enjoy higher compensation in contexts characterized by high political power and political factionalization, and low political polarization and political constraint. We also fnd that better-paid SOE CEOs support excessive levels of employment and corporate social performance, strategies aligned with state goals. Overall, we show that CEO compensation is a salient and efective tool used by governments to turn SOE CEOs into agents of the state.
