Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences

Richard Karlsson Linner; Pietro Biroli; Edward Kong; Fleur W. Meddens; Robbee Wedow; Mark Alan Fontana; Mael Lebreton; Stephen P. Tino; Abdel Abdellaoui; Anke R. Hammerschlag; Michel G. Nivard; Aysu Okbay; Cornelius A. Rietveld; Pascal N. Timshel; Maciej Trzaskowski; Ronald de Vlaming; Christian L. Zund; Yanchun Bao; Laura Buzdugan; Ann H. Caplin; Chia-Yen Chen; Peter Eibich; Pierre Fontanillas; Juan R. Gonzalez; Peter K. Joshi; Ville Karhunen; Aaron Kleinman; Remy Z. Levin; Christina M. Lill; Gerardus A. Meddens; Gerard Muntane; Sandra Sanchez-Roige; Frank J. van Rooij; Erdogan Taskesen; Yang Wu; Futao Zhang; Michelle Agee; Babak Alipanahi; Robert K. Bell; Katarzyna Bryc; Sarah L. Elson; Nicholas A. Furlotte; Karen E. Huber; Nadia K. Litterman; Jennifer C. McCreight; Matthew H. McIntyre; Joanna L. Mountain; Carrie A. M. Northover; Steven J. Pitts; J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti; Olga V. Sazonova; Janie F. Shelton; Suyash Shringarpure; Chao Tian; Joyce Y. Tung; Vladimir Vacic; Catherine H. Wilson; Mawusse Agbessi; Habibul Ahsan; Isabel Alves; Anand Andiappan; Philip Awadalla; Alexis Battle; Frank Beutner; Marc Jan Bonder; Dorret I. Boomsma; Mark Christiansen; Annique Claringbould; Patrick Deelen; Tonu Esko; Marie-Julie Fave; Lude Franke; Timothy Frayling; Sina A. Gharib; Gregory Gibson; Bastiaan Heijmans; Gibran Hemani; Rick Jansen; Mika Kahonen; Anette Kalnapenkis; Silva Kasela; Johannes Kettunen; Yungil Kim; Holger Kirsten; Peter Kovacs; Knut Krohn; Jaanika Kronberg-Guzman; Viktorija Kukushkina; Zoltan Kutalik; Bernett Lee; Terho Lehtimaki; Markus Loeffler; Urko M. Marigorta; Andres Metspalu; Lili Milani; Grant W. Montgomery; Martina Mueller-Nurasyid; Matthias Nauck; Brenda Penninx; Markus Perola; Natalia Pervjakova; Brandon Pierce; Joseph Powell; Holger Prokisch; Bruce M. Psaty; Olli Raitakari; Susan Ring; Samuli Ripatti; Olaf Rotzchke; Sina Rueger; Ashis Saha; Markus Scholz; Katharina Schramm; Ilkka Seppala; Michael Stumvoll; Patrick Sullivan; Peter-Bramt Hoen; Alexander Teumer; Joachim Thiery; Lin Tong; Anke Tonjes; Jenny van Dongen; Joyce van Meurs; Joost Verlouw; Peter M. Visscher; Uwe Voelker; Urmo Vosa; Harm-Jan Westra; Hanieh Yaghootkar; Jian Yang; Biao Zeng; James J. Lee; Tune H. Pers; Patrick Turley; Guo-Bo Chen; Valur Emilsson; Sven Oskarsson; Joseph K. Pickrell; Kevin Thom; Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia; Jonas Bacelis; Clemens Baumbach; Gyda Bjornsdottir; Johannes H. Brandsma; Maria Pina Concas; Jaime Derringer; Tessel E. Galesloot; Giorgia Girotto; Richa Gupta; Leanne M. Hall; Sarah E. Harris; Edith Hofer; Momoko Horikoshi; Jennifer E. Huffman; Kadri Kaasik; Ioanna P. Kalafati; Augustine Kong; Jari Lahti; Sven J. van der Lee; Christiaan de Leeuw; Penelope A. Lind; Karl-Oskar Lindgren; Tian Liu; Massimo Mangino; Jonathan Marten; Evelin Mihailov; Michael B. Miller; Peter J. van der Most; Christopher Oldmeadow; Antony Payton; Wouter J. Peyrot; Yong Qian; Rico Rueedi; Erika Salvi; Boerge Schmidt; Katharina E. Schraut; Jianxin Shi; Albert V. Smith; Raymond A. Poot; Beate St Pourcain; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Niek Verweij; Dragana Vuckovic; Juergen Wellmann; Jingyun Yang; Wei Zhao; Zhihong Zhu; Behrooz Z. Alizadeh; Najaf Amin; Andrew Bakshi; Sebastian E. Baumeister; Ginevra Biino; Klaus Bonnelykke; Patricia A. Boyle; Harry Campbell; Francesco P. Cappuccio; Gail Davies; Jan-Emmanuel De Neve; Panos Deloukas; Ilja Demuth; Jun Ding; Lewin Eisele; Niina Eklund; David M. Evans; Jessica D. Faul; Mary F. Feitosa; Andreas J. Forstner; Ilaria Gandin; Bjarni Gunnarsson; Bjarni V. Halldorsson; Tamara B. Harris; Andrew C. Heath; Lynne J. Hocking; Elizabeth G. Holliday; Georg Homuth; Michael A. Horan; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Philip L. de Jager; Astanand Jugessur; Marika A. Kaakinen; Stavroula Kanoni; Liisa Keltigangas-Jarvinen; Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney; Ivana Kolcic; Seppo Koskinen; Aldi T. Kraja; Martin Kroh; Antti Latvala; Lenore J. Launer; Douglas F. Levinson; Paul Lichtenstein; Peter Lichtner; David C. M. Liewald; Anu Loukola; Pamela A. Madden; Reedik Magi; Tomi Maki-Opas; Riccardo E. Marioni; Pedro Marques-Vidal; George McMahon; Christa Meisinger; Thomas Meitinger; Yusplitri Milaneschi; Ronny Myhre; Christopher P. Nelson; Dale R. Nyholt; William E. R. Ollier; Aarno Palotie; Lavinia Paternoster; Nancy L. Pedersen; Katja E. Petrovic; David J. Porteous; Katri Raikkonen; Susan M. Ring; Antonietta Robino; Olga Rostapshova; Igor Rudan; Aldo Rustichini; Veikko Salomaa; Alan R. Sanders; Antti-Pekka Sarin; Helena Schmidt; Rodney J. Scott; Blair H. Smith; Jennifer A. Smith; Jan A. Staessen; Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen; Konstantin Strauch; Antonio Terracciano; Martin D. Tobin; Sheila Ulivi; Simona Vaccargiu; Lydia Quaye; Cristina Venturini; Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen; Henry Voelzke; Judith M. Vonk; Diego Vozzi; Johannes Waage; Erin B. Ware; Gonneke Willemsen; John R. Attia; David A. Bennett; Klaus Berger; Lars Bertram; Hans Bisgaard; Ingrid B. Borecki; Ute Bultmann; Christopher F. Chabris; Francesco Cucca; Daniele Cusi; J. Deary; George V. Dedoussis; Cornelia M. van Duijn; Johan G. Eriksson; Barbara Franke; Paolo Gasparini; Pablo V. Gejman; Christian Gieger; Hans-Joergen Grabe; Jacob Gratten; Vilmundur Gudnason; Pim van der Harst; Caroline Hayward; David A. Hinds; Wolfgang Hoffmann; Elina Hypponen; William G. Iacono; Bo Jacobsson; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Karl-Heinz Jockel; Jaakko Kaprio; Sharon L. R. Kardia; Steven F. Lehrer; Patrik K. E. Magnusson; Nicholas G. Martin; Matt McGue; Neil Pendleton; Nicola Pirastu; Mario Pirastu; Ozren Polasek; Danielle Posthuma; Christine Power; Michael A. Province; Nilesh J. Samani; David Schlessinger; Reinhold Schmidt; Thorkild I. A. Sorensen; Tim D. Spector; Kari Stefansson; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; A. Roy Thurik; Nicholas J. Timpson; Henning Tiemeier; Andre G. Uitterlinden; Veronique Vitart; Peter Vollenweider; David R. Weir; James F. Wilson; Alan F. Wright; Dalton C. Conley; Robert F. Krueger; George Davey Smith; David I. Laibson; Sarah E. Medland; Magnus Johannesson; Philipp D. Koellinger; David Cesarini; Daniel J. Benjamin; Adam Auton; Jason D. Boardman; David W. Clark; Andrew Conlin; Conor C. Dolan; Urs Fischbacher; Patrick J. F. Groenen; Kathleen Mullan Harris; Gregor Hasler; Albert Hofman; Mohammad A. Ikram; Sonia Jain; Robert Karlsson; Ronald C. Kessler; Maarten Kooyman; James MacKillop; Minna Mannikko; Carlos Morcillo-Suarez; Matthew B. McQueen; Klaus M. Schmidt; Melissa C. Smart; Matthias Sutter; Jon White; Harriet de Wit; Ernst Fehr; Meena Kumari; David Laibson; Michelle N. Meyer; Arcadi Navarro; Abraham A. Palmer; Daniel Schunk; Murray B. Stein; Rauli Svento; Paul R. H. J. Timmers; Robert J. Ursano; Gert G. Wagner; Jonathan P. Beauchamp; eQTLgen Consortium

doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0309-3

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Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences

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Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences

Richard Karlsson Linner, Pietro Biroli, Edward Kong, Fleur W. Meddens, Robbee Wedow, Mark Alan Fontana, Mael Lebreton, Stephen P. Tino, Abdel Abdellaoui, Anke R. Hammerschlag, …

Nature Genetics, Vol.51(2), pp.245-257

2019-02-01

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0309-3

PMID: 30643258

Abstract

Genetics & Heredity

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Science & Technology

Humans vary substantially in their willingness to take risks. In a combined sample of over 1 million individuals, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of general risk tolerance, adventurousness, and risky behaviors in the driving, drinking, smoking, and sexual domains. Across all GWAS, we identified hundreds of associated loci, including 99 loci associated with general risk tolerance. We report evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across risk tolerance and the risky behaviors: 46 of the 99 general risk tolerance loci contain a lead SNP for at least one of our other GWAS, and general risk tolerance is genetically correlated (vertical bar(r) over cap (g)vertical bar similar to 0.25 to 0.50) with a range of risky behaviors. Bioinformatics analyses imply that genes near SNPs associated with general risk tolerance are highly expressed in brain tissues and point to a role for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. We found no evidence of enrichment for genes previously hypothesized to relate to risk tolerance.

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Title: Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences
Creators: Richard Karlsson Linner - University of Amsterdam
Pietro Biroli - University of Zurich
Edward Kong - Harvard University
Fleur W. Meddens - University of Amsterdam
Robbee Wedow - Broad Institute
Mark Alan Fontana - Cornell University
Mael Lebreton - University of Amsterdam
Stephen P. Tino - University of Toronto
Abdel Abdellaoui - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Anke R. Hammerschlag - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Michel G. Nivard - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Aysu Okbay - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Cornelius A. Rietveld - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Pascal N. Timshel - Statens Serum Institut
Maciej Trzaskowski - University of Queensland
Ronald de Vlaming - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Christian L. Zund - University of Zurich
Yanchun Bao - University of Essex
Laura Buzdugan - ETH Zurich
Ann H. Caplin
Chia-Yen Chen - Broad Institute
Peter Eibich - University of Oxford
Pierre Fontanillas - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Juan R. Gonzalez - Pompeu Fabra University
Peter K. Joshi - University of Edinburgh
Ville Karhunen - University of Oulu
Aaron Kleinman - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Remy Z. Levin - University of California, San Diego
Christina M. Lill - University of Lübeck
Gerardus A. Meddens - Team Loyalty BV, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
Gerard Muntane - Pompeu Fabra University
Sandra Sanchez-Roige - University of California, San Diego
Frank J. van Rooij - Erasmus MC
Erdogan Taskesen - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Yang Wu - University of Queensland
Futao Zhang - University of Queensland
Michelle Agee - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Babak Alipanahi - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Robert K. Bell - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Katarzyna Bryc - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Sarah L. Elson - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Nicholas A. Furlotte - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Karen E. Huber - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Nadia K. Litterman - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Jennifer C. McCreight - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Matthew H. McIntyre - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Joanna L. Mountain - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Carrie A. M. Northover - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Steven J. Pitts - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Olga V. Sazonova - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Janie F. Shelton - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Suyash Shringarpure - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Chao Tian - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Joyce Y. Tung - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Vladimir Vacic - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Catherine H. Wilson - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Mawusse Agbessi - Ontario Inst Canc Res, Computat Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada
Habibul Ahsan - University of Chicago
Isabel Alves - Ontario Inst Canc Res, Computat Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada
Anand Andiappan - Singapore Immunol Network Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Singapore, Singapore
Philip Awadalla - Ontario Inst Canc Res, Computat Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada
Alexis Battle - Johns Hopkins University
Frank Beutner - Univ Leipzig, Heart Ctr Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Marc Jan Bonder - University of Groningen
Dorret I. Boomsma - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Mark Christiansen - University of Washington
Annique Claringbould - University of Groningen
Patrick Deelen - University of Groningen
Tonu Esko - University of Tartu
Marie-Julie Fave - Ontario Inst Canc Res, Computat Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada
Lude Franke - University of Groningen
Timothy Frayling - University of Exeter
Sina A. Gharib - University of Washington
Gregory Gibson - Georgia Institute of Technology
Bastiaan Heijmans - Leiden University
Gibran Hemani - University of Bristol
Rick Jansen - University of Amsterdam
Mika Kahonen - Tampere University
Anette Kalnapenkis - University of Tartu
Silva Kasela - University of Tartu
Johannes Kettunen - University of Helsinki
Yungil Kim - Johns Hopkins University
Holger Kirsten - Univ Leipzig, Inst Med Informa Stat & Epidemiol, Leipzig Res Ctr Civilizat Dis LIFE, Leipzig, Germany
Peter Kovacs - Univ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Knut Krohn - College Station Medical Center
Jaanika Kronberg-Guzman - University of Tartu
Viktorija Kukushkina - University of Tartu
Zoltan Kutalik - SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
Bernett Lee - Singapore Immunol Network Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Singapore, Singapore
Terho Lehtimaki - Fimlab
Markus Loeffler - Univ Leipzig, Inst Med Informa Stat & Epidemiol, Leipzig Res Ctr Civilizat Dis LIFE, Leipzig, Germany
Urko M. Marigorta - Georgia Institute of Technology
Andres Metspalu - University of Tartu
Lili Milani - University of Tartu
Grant W. Montgomery - University of Queensland
Martina Mueller-Nurasyid - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Matthias Nauck - College Station Medical Center
Brenda Penninx - Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Markus Perola - University of Helsinki
Natalia Pervjakova - University of Tartu
Brandon Pierce - University of Chicago
Joseph Powell - College Station Medical Center
Holger Prokisch - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Bruce M. Psaty - University of Washington
Olli Raitakari - College Station Medical Center
Susan Ring - University of Bristol
Samuli Ripatti - University of Helsinki
Olaf Rotzchke - Singapore Immunol Network Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Singapore, Singapore
Sina Rueger - Lausanne Univ Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland
Ashis Saha - Johns Hopkins University
Markus Scholz - Univ Leipzig, Inst Med Informa Stat & Epidemiol, Leipzig Res Ctr Civilizat Dis LIFE, Leipzig, Germany
Katharina Schramm - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Ilkka Seppala - Fimlab
Michael Stumvoll - College Station Medical Center
Patrick Sullivan - Karolinska Institutet
Peter-Bramt Hoen - Radboud University Nijmegen
Alexander Teumer - College Station Medical Center
Joachim Thiery - College Station Medical Center
Lin Tong - University of Chicago
Anke Tonjes - College Station Medical Center
Jenny van Dongen - University of Amsterdam
Joyce van Meurs - Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Joost Verlouw - Erasmus MC, Dept Internal Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Peter M. Visscher - University of Queensland
Uwe Voelker - College Station Medical Center
Urmo Vosa - University of Groningen
Harm-Jan Westra - University of Groningen
Hanieh Yaghootkar - University of Exeter
Jian Yang - University of Queensland
Biao Zeng - Georgia Institute of Technology
James J. Lee - University of Minnesota
Tune H. Pers - Statens Serum Institut
Patrick Turley - University of Southern California
Guo-Bo Chen - University of Queensland
Valur Emilsson - University of Iceland
Sven Oskarsson - Uppsala University
Joseph K. Pickrell - New York Genome Center
Kevin Thom - New York University
Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia - University of Copenhagen
Jonas Bacelis - Sahlgrens Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gothenburg, Sweden
Clemens Baumbach - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Gyda Bjornsdottir - deCODE Genetics
Johannes H. Brandsma - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Maria Pina Concas - University of Seoul
Jaime Derringer - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Tessel E. Galesloot - Radboud University Nijmegen
Giorgia Girotto - University of Trieste
Richa Gupta - University of Helsinki
Leanne M. Hall - University of Leicester
Sarah E. Harris - University of Edinburgh
Edith Hofer - Medical University of Graz
Momoko Horikoshi - University of Oxford
Jennifer E. Huffman - University of Edinburgh
Kadri Kaasik - University of Helsinki
Ioanna P. Kalafati - Harokopio University of Athens
Augustine Kong - deCODE Genetics
Jari Lahti - University of Helsinki
Sven J. van der Lee - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Christiaan de Leeuw - University of Amsterdam
Penelope A. Lind - College Station Medical Center
Karl-Oskar Lindgren - Uppsala University
Tian Liu - Max
Massimo Mangino - King's College London
Jonathan Marten - University of Edinburgh
Evelin Mihailov - University of Tartu
Michael B. Miller - University of Minnesota
Peter J. van der Most - University Medical Center Groningen
Christopher Oldmeadow - College Station Medical Center
Antony Payton - University of Manchester
Natalia Pervjakova
Wouter J. Peyrot - University of Amsterdam
Yong Qian - National Institutes of Health
Olli Raitakari - University of Turku
Rico Rueedi - University of Lausanne
Erika Salvi - University of Milan
Boerge Schmidt - College Station Medical Center
Katharina E. Schraut - University of Edinburgh
Jianxin Shi - NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Albert V. Smith - University of Iceland
Raymond A. Poot - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Beate St Pourcain - University of Bristol
Alexander Teumer - Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
Gudmar Thorleifsson - deCODE Genetics
Niek Verweij - University Medical Center Groningen
Dragana Vuckovic - University of Trieste
Juergen Wellmann - University of Münster
Harm-Jan Westra - Broad Institute
Jingyun Yang - Rush University
Wei Zhao - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
Zhihong Zhu - University of Queensland
Behrooz Z. Alizadeh - University of Groningen
Najaf Amin - Erasmus MC
Andrew Bakshi - University of Queensland
Sebastian E. Baumeister - College Station Medical Center
Ginevra Biino - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Klaus Bonnelykke - Copenhagen Prospect Studies Asthma Childhood COPS, Herlev, Denmark
Patricia A. Boyle - Rush University
Harry Campbell - University of Edinburgh
Francesco P. Cappuccio - University of Warwick
Gail Davies - University of Edinburgh
Jan-Emmanuel De Neve - University of Oxford
Panos Deloukas - Queen Mary University of London
Ilja Demuth - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Jun Ding - National Institutes of Health
Lewin Eisele - College Station Medical Center
Niina Eklund - University of Helsinki
David M. Evans - University of Bristol
Jessica D. Faul - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
Mary F. Feitosa - Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
Andreas J. Forstner - University of Bonn
Ilaria Gandin - University of Trieste
Bjarni Gunnarsson - University of Seoul
Bjarni V. Halldorsson - deCODE Genetics
Tamara B. Harris - National Institutes of Health
Andrew C. Heath - Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
Lynne J. Hocking - University of Aberdeen
Elizabeth G. Holliday - College Station Medical Center
Georg Homuth - College Station Medical Center
Michael A. Horan - University of Manchester
Jouke-Jan Hottenga - University of Amsterdam
Philip L. de Jager - Broad Institute
Astanand Jugessur - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Genes & Environm, Oslo, Norway
Marika A. Kaakinen - Imperial College London
Stavroula Kanoni - Queen Mary University of London
Liisa Keltigangas-Jarvinen - University of Helsinki
Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney - Radboud University Nijmegen
Ivana Kolcic - University of Split
Seppo Koskinen - University of Helsinki
Aldi T. Kraja - Supreme Council Of Health
Martin Kroh - German Institute for Economic Research
Zoltan Kutalik - SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
Antti Latvala - University of Helsinki
Lenore J. Launer - National Institutes of Health
Douglas F. Levinson - Stanford University
Paul Lichtenstein - Karolinska Institutet
Peter Lichtner - Helmholtz Zentrum München
David C. M. Liewald - University of Edinburgh
Anu Loukola - University of Helsinki
Pamela A. Madden - Supreme Council Of Health
Reedik Magi - University of Tartu
Tomi Maki-Opas - University of Helsinki
Riccardo E. Marioni - University of Queensland
Pedro Marques-Vidal - College Station Medical Center
George McMahon - University of Bristol
Christa Meisinger - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Thomas Meitinger - Technical University of Munich
Yusplitri Milaneschi - University of Amsterdam
Lili Milani - University of Tartu
Grant W. Montgomery - QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Ronny Myhre - Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Christopher P. Nelson - University of Leicester
Dale R. Nyholt - Queensland University of Technology
William E. R. Ollier - University of Manchester
Aarno Palotie - Broad Institute
Lavinia Paternoster - University of Bristol
Nancy L. Pedersen - Karolinska Institutet
Katja E. Petrovic - University of Graz
David J. Porteous - University of Edinburgh
Katri Raikkonen - University of Helsinki
Susan M. Ring - University of Bristol
Antonietta Robino - College Station Medical Center
Olga Rostapshova - Harvard University
Igor Rudan - University of Edinburgh
Aldo Rustichini - University of Minnesota
Veikko Salomaa - University of Helsinki
Alan R. Sanders - University of Chicago
Antti-Pekka Sarin - University of Helsinki
Helena Schmidt - Medical University of Graz
Rodney J. Scott - College Station Medical Center
Blair H. Smith - University of Dundee
Jennifer A. Smith - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
Jan A. Staessen - KU Leuven
Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Konstantin Strauch - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Antonio Terracciano - Florida State University
Martin D. Tobin - University of Leicester
Sheila Ulivi - College Station Medical Center
Simona Vaccargiu - University of Seoul
Lydia Quaye - King's College London
Cristina Venturini - King's College London
Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen - University of Queensland
Uwe Voelker
Henry Voelzke - College Station Medical Center
Judith M. Vonk - University of Groningen
Diego Vozzi - Social Impact, Arlington, VA USA
Johannes Waage - University of Copenhagen
Erin B. Ware - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
Gonneke Willemsen - University of Amsterdam
John R. Attia - College Station Medical Center
David A. Bennett - Rush University Medical Center
Klaus Berger - University of Groningen
Lars Bertram - University of Lübeck
Hans Bisgaard - University of Copenhagen
Ingrid B. Borecki - Supreme Council Of Health
Ute Bultmann - University of Groningen
Christopher F. Chabris - Union College
Francesco Cucca - GeneTiCA
Daniele Cusi - University of Milan
J. Deary - University of Edinburgh
George V. Dedoussis - Harokopio University of Athens
Cornelia M. van Duijn - Erasmus MC
Johan G. Eriksson - University of Helsinki
Barbara Franke - Donders Ctr Neurosci, Dept Human Genet, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Paolo Gasparini - University of Trieste
Pablo V. Gejman - University of Chicago
Christian Gieger - German Center for Diabetes Research
Hans-Joergen Grabe - College Station Medical Center
Jacob Gratten - University of Queensland
Vilmundur Gudnason - University of Iceland
Pim van der Harst - University Medical Center Groningen
Caroline Hayward - University of Edinburgh
David A. Hinds - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Wolfgang Hoffmann - College Station Medical Center
Elina Hypponen - University of South Australia
William G. Iacono - University of Minnesota
Bo Jacobsson - Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin - Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, MRC PHE Ctr Environm & Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England
Karl-Heinz Jockel - College Station Medical Center
Jaakko Kaprio - University of Helsinki
Sharon L. R. Kardia - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
Terho Lehtimaki
Steven F. Lehrer - New York University Shanghai
Patrik K. E. Magnusson - Karolinska Institutet
Nicholas G. Martin - College Station Medical Center
Matt McGue - University of Minnesota
Andres Metspalu - University of Tartu
Neil Pendleton - CognIT
Brenda Penninx
Markus Perola - University of Tartu
Nicola Pirastu - University of Edinburgh
Mario Pirastu - University of Seoul
Ozren Polasek - University of Edinburgh
Danielle Posthuma - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Christine Power - UCL Inst Child Hlth, Populat Policy & Practice, London, England
Michael A. Province - Supreme Council Of Health
Nilesh J. Samani - University of Leicester
David Schlessinger - National Institutes of Health
Reinhold Schmidt - Medical University of Graz
Thorkild I. A. Sorensen - University of Copenhagen
Tim D. Spector - King's College London
Kari Stefansson - deCODE Genetics
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir - deCODE Genetics
A. Roy Thurik - Supreme Council Of Health
Nicholas J. Timpson - University of Bristol
Henning Tiemeier - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Andre G. Uitterlinden - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Veronique Vitart - University of Edinburgh
Peter Vollenweider - College Station Medical Center
David R. Weir - University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
James F. Wilson - University of Edinburgh
Alan F. Wright - University of Edinburgh
Dalton C. Conley - New York University
Robert F. Krueger - University of Minnesota
George Davey Smith - University of Bristol
David I. Laibson - Harvard University
Sarah E. Medland - College Station Medical Center
Jian Yang - University of Queensland
Magnus Johannesson - Stockholm School of Economics, Department of Economics
Peter M. Visscher - University of Queensland
Philipp D. Koellinger - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
David Cesarini - New York University
Daniel J. Benjamin - University of Southern California
Adam Auton - 23andMe Inc, Res, Mountain View, CA USA
Jason D. Boardman - University of Colorado Boulder
David W. Clark - University of Edinburgh
Andrew Conlin - University of Oulu
Conor C. Dolan - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Urs Fischbacher - University of Konstanz
Patrick J. F. Groenen - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Kathleen Mullan Harris - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Gregor Hasler - University of Fribourg
Albert Hofman - Harvard University
Mohammad A. Ikram - Erasmus MC
Sonia Jain - University of California, San Diego
Robert Karlsson - Karolinska Institutet
Ronald C. Kessler - Harvard University
Maarten Kooyman - SURFsara
James MacKillop - St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton
Minna Mannikko - University of Oulu
Carlos Morcillo-Suarez - Pompeu Fabra University
Matthew B. McQueen - University of Colorado Boulder
Klaus M. Schmidt - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Melissa C. Smart - University of Essex
Matthias Sutter - Max Planck Society
A. Roy Thurik - Panteia (Netherlands)
Jon White - University College London
Harriet de Wit - University of Chicago
Jian Yang - University of Queensland
Lars Bertram - University of Lübeck
Ernst Fehr - University of Zurich
David A. Hinds
Meena Kumari - University of Essex
David Laibson - Harvard University
Patrik K. E. Magnusson - Karolinska Institutet
Michelle N. Meyer - Geisinger Health System
Arcadi Navarro - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
Abraham A. Palmer - University of California, San Diego
Tune H. Pers - Statens Serum Institut
Danielle Posthuma - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Daniel Schunk - Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
Murray B. Stein - University of California, San Diego
Rauli Svento - University of Oulu
Henning Tiemeier - Erasmus University Rotterdam
Paul R. H. J. Timmers - University of Edinburgh
Patrick Turley - University of Southern California
Robert J. Ursano - Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Gert G. Wagner - Max Planck Society
Jacob Gratten - University of Queensland
James J. Lee - University of Minnesota
David Cesarini - New York University
Daniel J. Benjamin - University of Southern California
Jonathan P. Beauchamp - University of Toronto
eQTLgen Consortium
Publication Details: Nature Genetics, Vol.51(2), pp.245-257
Publisher: Springer Nature
Number of pages: 16
Academic Unit: Department of Economics
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences

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