How Have Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Swedish Repeated Cross-Sectional Design Study

Daniel Lindberg; Maria Elvén; Kent W. Nilsson; Petra Von Heideken Wågert; Jonas Stier; Micael Dahlen; Birgitta Kerstis

doi:10.3390/ijerph20043642

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How Have Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Swedish Repeated Cross-Sectional Design Study

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How Have Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Swedish Repeated Cross-Sectional Design Study

Daniel Lindberg, Maria Elvén, Kent W. Nilsson, Petra Von Heideken Wågert, Jonas Stier, Micael Dahlen and Birgitta Kerstis

International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, Vol.20(4), 3642

2023-02-18

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043642

PMID: 36834336

Abstract

COVID-19

life satisfaction

physical activity

sedentary behavior

Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) affect people’s physical and mental health. The aim was to examine changes in PA and SB in a Swedish population: at three time points: 2019, 2020, and 2022, i.e., before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-pandemic PA and SB, i.e., 2019, were assessed retrospectively in 2020. Associations between PA and SB with sex, age, occupation, COVID-19 history, weight change, health, and life satisfaction were also examined. The design was repeated cross-sectionally. The main findings demonstrate the PA levels decreased between 2019 and 2020, and between 2019 and 2022, but not between 2020 and 2022. The SB increase was most evident between 2019 and 2020. Between 2020 and 2022, results showed a decrease in SB, but SB did not reach pre-pandemic levels. Both sexes decreased their PA over time. Although men reported more PA sex, they did not have any association with PA changes. Two age groups, 19–29 years and 65–79 years, decreased their PA over time. Both PA and SB were associated with COVID-19, occupation, age, life satisfaction, health, and weight change. This study underlines the importance of monitoring changes in PA and SB as they have relevance for health and well-being. There is a risk that the levels of PA and SB do not return to pre-pandemic levels in the population.

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Title: How Have Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Swedish Repeated Cross-Sectional Design Study
Creators: Daniel Lindberg - Mälardalen University
Maria Elvén - Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Center for Clinical Research, Central Hospital of Västerås, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Department of Marketing and Strategy, Stockholm School of Economics, SE-11383 Stockholm, Sweden Division of Caring Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden
Kent W. Nilsson - Mälardalen University
Petra Von Heideken Wågert - Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Center for Clinical Research, Central Hospital of Västerås, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Department of Marketing and Strategy, Stockholm School of Economics, SE-11383 Stockholm, Sweden Division of Caring Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden
Jonas Stier - Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Center for Clinical Research, Central Hospital of Västerås, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Department of Marketing and Strategy, Stockholm School of Economics, SE-11383 Stockholm, Sweden Division of Caring Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden
Micael Dahlen - Stockholm School of Economics, Department of Marketing and Strategy
Birgitta Kerstis - Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Center for Clinical Research, Central Hospital of Västerås, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden Department of Marketing and Strategy, Stockholm School of Economics, SE-11383 Stockholm, Sweden Division of Caring Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, SE-72134 Västerås, Sweden
Publication Details: International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, Vol.20(4), 3642
Publisher: MDPI
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Academic Unit: Department of Marketing and Strategy
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article

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How Have Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Swedish Repeated Cross-Sectional Design Study

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