Abstract
Opening organizational processes and structures seems to be a more and more central to a contemporary approach to management and organization. In the last decades, this approach changed dramatically from the vertically organised and closed silos of the grand R&D organizations of the 20th century to a collaborative, joint, user-led, indeed, inverted "rm that characterizes platforms (Benzell et al., 2023). Where once all resources were allocated internally and spillovers cast as the antithesis to successful competition today’s managerial tenets include pre-emptive generosity, contributions to public goods, and the integration of consumers in production processes.