Abstract
We study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated school closure on primary school children’s learning and mental well-being in Assam, India. Using a comprehensive dataset that tracked and repeatedly surveyed approximately 5,000 children across 200 schools between 2018 and 2022, we find that children lost the equivalent of nine months of learning in mathematics and eleven months in language, during the pandemic. Children lacking resources and parental support experienced the largest losses. Regular practice, teacher interaction, and technology helped sustain learning. Over the same period, children’s psychological well-being improved. Our research provides valuable insights for designing post-emergency programs.